Atomizing-nozzle



M. R. WOLFARD. ATOMIZING NOZZLE. APPLICAIION FILED AUG. 11, 1915 1,842,486; Patented June 8, 1920,

//v MEN TOR To all whom it may w ncedn 2 PATENT" it womb, or cniianrnen, mssncnusn'rrs.

g Application fi led' 11,

Be it known that I, M n, Womms, a

- citizen of the United States, residing at paratus for intermittently jipiojecting a Cambrid e State of h f Nozzles, of which, the following is a, e i catlon. Y V I This invention relates to improvements in combmed nozzles and valves, part1cularly such as are suitable for use in internal tome I freeyfrom dist 'lb jit n bustion engines. 'It-relateS especially'tofap stream of liquid fuel infatomized iorm'. It.

is an object of the invention provide for;

automatically putting 'otf' 'the" streami sharply ing the projection. I newsman t0 provide a nozzle which positivelyvand effectively distributeit' el' chargeiunder severe conditions of temperature and {pr es sure, as for example,inlaqplace wherejjthe flf temperature may rise above Eahi'en belt, and the presslu'e to square inchjor more, "a's tion chamber of adgeng tion is in progress. O N such a niozzle may be; m pen in a ication Nd. 85,7585 wii remg: e1 th pzresent drawing-is disclosed but; not claimed.

eference is also madeitoimy pending}?- plication for Patent Serial No. 8830 wherein and valve embodying-somefeatures of the t structure which is'herei'n sh wn. "Overcom-i ing certain difficulties hitherto found with apparatus of this some; ispthe -object of the present invention to provideforgsuccess .ful predetermination of I the, direction in which it will-throwits' s ray, usually in all ,directions from "the axis, without liability;

' fering in sundry respects from the particuv QfZette sPatent.

in the county of Middlesex and"v assachusetts, have invented new l and useful Improvements in Atomizinig;

. v w n M passages shouldibeeoineiclo gedpthefiforce needed :to' expeljthe chargefgr gm n gtnas e "w ul vcreased, and-thiswouldtendstronglyto free v theem ged'ene; 'jln the preferred form of thej invention, each distributing"passage is i essentiallyonly afhole} through a thin wall,

directly into what may be termed a dis stroke, for the} 191e, s nai stir 4,464,

" embodiment heels-hate FFIiC E.

1.eew nee illustrateithei'nventionifltiis intended by .thispatent t0 c0ve1"{. by s11itab1e expression in thefap'pended claims whatever features' of patentable (novelty exist in; the invention d'isclosed. j Important features of. the, struc- 'ture hererdiscl'osed' include tile revisien of meansfor conducting the'f oil ton place near the point Ioffdischarge througha relatively. large or mainqcondinnh" eonduien ge pligh .v rossfsectionto be a sa makes, fei'y:

a) be, pr ne 'tributing cavity which permits the oil to escape around more or less of the periphery of the nozzle whenever the nozzle valvels' forced from its seat, fasiffhereinafter more fully setforth. 'Aminute groove leads from each of these'distribiiting cavities across the materially. in-' main conduit} ossysection of r t 'd Sm imwhieh. 9d 'jfitgre eesthetendene a long ll assage,, proximitytojhigh temperatur andit 'ma es forf aut'omatio liefreason' that t; ifone' idffthe rough the refv seat to the discharging edge ofthe nozzle. 1

' This preventsthe'leavinglofa residual drop of oil at the edge of the' valve after each and so long as it, continuesiatall itj proceeds p w ofroil bcconie's-conce'm trated in the groovcs, as-thcflvalve closes,

with such an enhanced :veIocitythatthe skin v tension is overcome and the particlesdo not cling'to the edge of thenozzlafeven during the last part of the stroke, when vtheflow "is relatively small." In, the accompanying drawings which illustratean embodiment of the invention:

, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section'through the nozzle and part supporting it, enlarged; Fig. 2 is a similar v1e w,'further enlarged, of a detail of Fig, 1;

its

Fig. 3 is a transverse section of the saine 31 omitted; and r 1 on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2, with the shell Fig. 47s a simmer, vie'w; f a. modified form.

. Referring to the drawings,31 'indicaftesa tubular plug having 'a .thread41 by' Wl 11cl1,

it, may be screwed tightly'finto-a place proinserted through i the wall of and mounted pump periodically. increases the pressure of oil in passage '44, and, positively displacing a certain amount of. oilat eachstroke, forces it along andiintothe' stem 44 of the valve,

--and out as hereinafter described. It is conso that the tubular plug 31 which it carries is about in the centerof the mixing and combustion passage, with airsurroundmgit and templated that the base 44 shall be -fitted preferably flowing past it on all sides'in the general d rectionof its own axis. The function of the parts with which the present vention is concerned is to project and dis- ,tribute'oil in all directions about the axis of the passage 44,'intermi ttently.'and without permitting any residual drops tofbeformed on the outer lip, and without er-' mitting any passage to become clogged. he

outer end of tube 31 has a lip or face 42 with a concave conical surface constituting a seat against which fits the convex conical lip or face 43 of the valve 40. This closureshuts ofi oil completely, although the small grooves 47 remain continuously open' as below described. The valve 40 has a tubular stem 44-whicl1 fits within the tube 31. and

-' centers the valve upon its seat. A spring 45 strung upon this stem, between a nut-at its inner end and a shoulder on the interior of the tube 31 tends to hold the faces 42 and 43 in contact. is open for entrance of oil. Piercing the wall of the stem close to the valve 40 are a.

few radial holes 46, four being represented,

in equidistant locations around the circumference; The diameter of passage through the tubular stem 1s relatively large, large enough so that there is no danger of that passage becoming clogged. The fewness of these holes, 46, leads to the result that if one of them should become somewhat clogged a materially heavier duty would be put upon the others with a resulting increase of re sistance, and consequently with material increase of pressure upon the one which is clogged, tending automatically to clear it.

The inner end of the stem These holes 46 are herein referred to as the primary distribution passages or orifices ach such passage delivers into an independent cavity 47, outside of the stem 44, and extendin somewhat along the circumfer- 'T ese cavities maybe formed by milling a groove in the surface of the tu- 'bular stem somewhat as indicated by the 1 dotted lines in Fig. 2, without breaking through much of the face 43 of the valve, From-some part of each cavity '47 a small groove 47, leads across the face 43 of the valve. As illustrated in Fig. 2 this is located at the end of the cavity which is remote from the primary orifice 46. As illustratedin the modification shown in Fig. 4

it is located directly opposite the primary orifice 46. In either event it affords a channel whichxnever becomesentirely closed but which really is not large enough for any material flow to occur when the valve isclosed. It serves, however, to concentratethe flow at that place when the lips 43 and 42 are almost closed together. It is too small for any flow to occur throughitex- 'cept'when the oil is propelled by the pump;

is too small to take the volume that flows? whenever oil is being propelled, in normal operation. Hence, in normal operation the lips 43 are always spread from the lips 42 by the effort of oil'to escape, and oil flows out from those two parallel surfaces 42, 43 along the whole length of each cavity 47. There are cavities 47 on all sides, and these cavities may if desired cover a larger portion of the circumference than is represented as being backed by cavities. These arrangements facilitate the accurate and certain distribution of the very small quantity of oil' which may be delivered at each stroke. The concentration of the flow in the channels 47' at the beginning of each stroke, andat the end of each stroke produces an'evenly balanced distribution about the axis. The

\ holes 46 are of sufliciently small aggregate cross section to make sure that some oil passes through each of them at each discharge. By being few in number they can I at the same time be large enough to reduce the danger of any one becoming clogged. Any clogging occurring beyond them will be automatically cleared. The arrangement produces concentration of the oil at a few points, equidistant along the line. where distribution is desired, in passing the shortdistance from themain body to the outside of the stem; and provides distribution outslde of the stem by the cavities 47 which extend part way around the stem from each concentrationpoint and permit oil to escape throughout correspondingly largearcs. In

so escaping it passes between surfaces which are but. slightly separated from each other,

and so it acquires a high velocity. Asit escapes radially, or at least in thedirections of divergent elements of conical surface, it is broken up and spread throughout the'air which is at the moment in the vicinity of the nozzle. In thetype shown in Fig. 2 the cavities 47 extend somewhat-obliquely with respect to the axis ofthe stem and also obliquel with respect to the primary'orifices 46. n the type shown in Fig. 4 they extend symmetrically in both directions from the primary orifice.

The relatively largesize of the passage through the tubular stem permits the holding therein of a considerable body of oil very close to the point of discharge. The avoidance of "long, small passages reduces the danger of oil in such-a passage being carbonized by the excessive heat of the vicinity,

- and increases the'ease with which any such deposits may be cleared. Another feature is the relatively large part of the total flow at each discharge which must pass through any one of the holes; and another feature is the fact that the cavity beyond each orifice is not connected directly with the other cavities, so that it gets the full effect of the I claim as my invention: 1. An atomizing nozzle having an automatically variable discharge opening forv 1ntermittent action comprising .a tube; a terminal valve having the valve face and valve seat parallel surfaces pressed together in closing; and avalve stem which is tubular, fittingclosely within said tube, conveying fluid within the stem to the immediate vicinity "of saidvalve, and'having distributionpassages leading thence through the wall of the stem directly-to the valve seatwhen the valve is closed;

, t'ermittent action comprising a tube; aterjninal valve having the valve face and valve;

seat; parallel surfaces pressed together 1 in closing; and a valve stem which-is tubular,

fitting closelyv within, said tube, conveying fluid within the stem to the immediate vithe valve is closed; said tubular stem hav- I ing its conveyin passags large enough'not to be clogged therein.

3. An atomizing nozzle having an automatically variable discharge opening for iny car onization-o fuel termittent action comprismg a tube; a terminal valve having the valve face and valve seat parallel surraces pressed together in closing; and a valve stem which is tubular, fitting closely within said tube, conveying fluid within the stem to the immediate vicinity ofysaid valve, and having distribution passages leading thence through the wall of the stem directly to the valve seat I when the valve is closed; said distribution passages being few in number, whereby the clogging of one would materially reduce the total available area of fluid passages.

4. An atomizing nozzle having an automaticallyvariable discharge opening for intermittent action comprising a tube; a terminal valve; and a valve stem which is tubular, fitting closely within said tube,conveying fluid within the stem to the immediate vicinity of said valve, and having distribution passages leading. thence through the wall of the stem directlyto the" valve seat; there being distribution cavities extending peripherally from the distribution passages, within the valve. and bordering on the valve seat. I

5. An atomizing nozzle having an automatically variable discharge opening for intermittent action compr sing a tube; a terminal valve; and a valve stem which is tubular, fitting closely within said tube, conveying fluid-i within the stem to the immediate vicinity of said valve, and having dis .tribution passages leading thence through 'the wall ofthe stem directlyto the valve seat; there being distribution cavities extending peripherally from the distribution passages, within the valve and bordering on the valve seat, said distribution cavities being separate from each other.

6. An atomizing nozzle hav ng an automatically variable discharge opening for in- 5 ,termittent action comprising a tube; a terminal valve; and a valve stem which is tubular, fitting closely within said tube, conveying fluid within the stem to the immedi ate vicinity ofsaid valve, and having dis v tribution passagesleading thence through 1 2 A t i in nozzle ha i an ut j the wall of the stem to thevalve; there matically variable discharge opening. for inbeing distribution cavities extending. pe-

ripherally from. the distribution passages,

tight together except at, said grooves.

7. An atomizing nozzle having an'automatically variable discharge opening adapted for intermittent action with distributed peripheral discharge, comprising a tube; a

terminal valve with seat thereon and a stem guided within'said tube; there being passages for the fluid to reach-thesaid. seat, and continuously open grooves through said seat at intervals around it, whereby distribution begins on all sides of-thevalv'e simulopen under pressure of said fluid-to permit its flow over relatively 'large spaces'of the valve seat beside said grooves. H

8. An atomizing nozzle having an automat1cally variable discharge opening adapttaneously; the said. valve beingadapted to ed for intermittent'action with distributed i peripheral discharge, comprising a tube; a

terminal valve with seat thereon and a stem guided within said tube; there being pas-1* 33%)68 for the fluid to reach the said seat; distri ution cavities bordering said valve seat and separate from each other;'an d continuously open grooves through said seat at intervals around it, whereby distributionbegins on all sides of the valve simultaneously; the said valve being adapted to open under pressure of said fluid to permit its flow over relatively large'spaces of the valve seat beside said grooves.

9. A r atomizing nozzle having an automatically variable discharge opening for interminal valve with seat thereon and with face parallel to the seat and pressed against it in closing and a stem guided within said tube; there being passages for the fluid to reach the said seat directly when the valve is Y closed, adapted to conduct the body of fluid in relatively large cross section close to said valveseat; and thence by short distribution i passages of relatively small cross section.

11. An'atomizing nozzle having an automatically variable discharge opening adapt ed for intermittent action, comprising a tube; a terminal valve having the valve face 7 and valve seat parallel surfaces pressed, to-

' Witnesses;

'gether in ijc Iosin'g .there being 7 a passage within the tube conveying fluid'to the immed ate vicinity'of said valveand large. enough not to be clog d by carbonization of fuel istribution' passages leading therein, and p r H thence through a wall directly tothe valve seat, when the valve is closed."

12. An atomizing nozzle "having an automatically variable discharge open ng adapted for intermittent action, 'COIIIPI'ISIIIg a tube a terminal valve; there being a passage within the tube'conveyin fluid to the immediate vicinity of said va ve and large enough not to be clogged by carbonization of fuel therein, and distribution passages lead- 'in'g thence through a'wall to the; valve; and

leading thence through a wall tothe valve; seat and extending distribution passages.

13; Anatomizing nozzle having an automatically variabledischarge opening adapt 1 ed for intermittent action, comprising a 1 tube; a terminal valve there being a pas- I sage within the tube conveying fluid tothe r immediate vicinity of saidvalveand large enough not to be cIOggedby carbonizationof fuel therein', and distribution passages leading thence through a wallto-the valve;

and" d stribution cavities bordering {on the valve seat'and extending jperi herally from the distribution passages;"an fi ne "rooves leading from "the distribution cavities, the closing-tight jtogether cexcept J at a -ar valve faces said grooves. v I, $igned j by {me at Boston, '-Mass.

JosnrH TLBRnriiIA peripherally from the 

